Special Accusation Types
Anonymous Accusation, Non-evidential Accusation, and Self-Accusation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36285/tm.85Abstract
Straight accusations are considered a normal case for accusations with special accusation types referring to other forms of accusations. Three special accusation types wil be considered: anonymous accusations, non-evidential accusations, and self-accusations. Anonymous accusations (AA's) are accusations with an anonymous accuser. We describe the remarkable effects which anonymous accusations may have, and we propose various key properties of anonymous accusations: (i) the viral character of AA's, (ii) the potentially explosive effect of AA's, and (iii) the forensic challenge creation characteristic of AA's. These characteristics suggest, and in may contexts impose, rather restrictive rules of engagement for dealing with AA's. Secondly we describe non-evidential accusations (NEA's). Such accusations do not allow any meaningful form of validation of the body of the accusation. Nevertheless NEA's play a significant role nowadays. Finally we provide some remarks on self-accusations. A self-accusation may also be non-evidential.
References
David A. Baldwin. Thinking about threats. The Journal of Conflict Resolution, 15 (1), 71–78, (1971).
AnneBarnhill. How philosophy might contribute to the practical ethics of online manipulation. In: The ethics of Online Manipulation, eds. Fleur Jongepier and Michael Klenk, Routledge Research in Applied Ethics, Routledge New York, 49-71 (2022).
Jan A. Bergstra. Promise theory as a tool for informaticians. Transmathematica, (2020).
Jan A. Bergstra. Promises in the context of humanoid robot morality. International Journal of Robotic Engineering, (2020).
Jan A. Bergstra. Promises and Threats by Asymmetric Nuclear-Weapon States. χt Axis Press. ISBN: 978167318215, (2019).
Jan A. Bergstra. An opinion on promises, threats, and accusations in the 2022 Russo- Ukrainian war. Transmathematica, (2022).
Jan Bergstra and Mark Burgess. Promise Theory: Principles and Applications. χt Axis Press. ISBN: 9781495437779, 2014; Second edition ISBN: 9781696578554, (2019).
Jan Bergstra and Mark Burgess. Promise Theory: Case Study on the 2016 Brexit Vote. χt Axis Press. ISBN: 9781974545339 (2017).
Jan Bergstra and Mark Burgess. Money, Ownership, and Agency. χt Axis Press. ISBN9781696588379, (2019).
Jan Bergstra and Mark Burgess. A promise theoretic account of the Boeing 737 Max MCAS algorithm affair, [cs.OH] (2019).
Jan Bergstra and Mark Burgess. Candidate software process flaws for the Boeing 737 Max MCAS algorithm and a risk for a proposed upgrade, [cs.CY] (2020).
Jan A. Bergstra and Marcus Düwell. Accusation theory. Transmathematica, (2021).
Jan A. Bergstra and Marcus Düwell. Accusations in the context of computer programming. Transmathematica, (2022).
J.A. Bergstra and J.W. Klop. Process algebra for synchronous communication. Information and Control, 60 (1-3), pp. 109–137 (1984).
J.A. Bergstra and C.A. Middelburg. Thread algebra fors trategic interleaving. Formal Aspects of Computing, 19 (4), pp. 445–474, (2007).
Deryck Beyleveld, Marcus Düwell and Andreas Spahn. How should we represent future generations in policy making? Jurisprudence 6 (3), 549–566, (2015).
Mark Burgess. Thinking in Promises: Designing Systems for Cooperation. O’Reilly Media (2015).
Mark Burgess. A Treatise on Systems, Volume II: Intentional Systems with Faults, Errors, and Flaws. χt Axis Press. (2017–2019).
Janice Dowell and David Sobel. Sexual harassment in philosophy, Part 2. Daily Nous, news for and about the philosophy profession, September 5 (2019).
Ian Hacking. The Social Construction of What? Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press (1999).
Lawrence E. Hedges. False accusations: genesis and prevention. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 56 (4): 494–507 (2002).
Fleur Jongepier and Jan Willem Wieland. Microtargeting people as a mere means. In: The ethics of Online Manipulation, eds. Fleur Jongepier and Michael Klenk, Routledge Research in Applied Ethics, Routledge New York, 156-179 (2022).
Michael Klenk. Manipulation, injustice and technology. In: The Philosopy of Online Manipulation, eds. Fleur Jongepier and Michael Klenk, Routledge Research in Applied Ethics, Routledge New York, 108-132 (2022).
Berrtram F. Malle, Steve Guglielmo and Andrew E. Monroe. A theory of blame. Psychological Inquiry, 25: 1–40, (2014).
George Pavlich. Before the law: criminalization, accusation and justice. Law and Critique, 28, pp 345–365 (2017).
George Pavlich. Restorative justice and the rights of the accused. Restorative Justice, an International Journal, 5 (3), pp 396–407 (2017).
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Jan Aldert Bergstra, Marcus Düwell
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and, if appropriate, performance rights but licence the journal to publish submissions. The lead author confirms that the submission is bound by the CC Attributtion Share Alike 4.0 licence.
